cas number glacial acetic acid

Glacial Acetic Acid An Overview

Glacial acetic acid, known by its CAS number 64-19-7, is a colorless liquid organic compound with a pungent smell. It is a key ingredient in various industrial processes and holds significant importance in both laboratory and commercial applications. As a pure form of acetic acid, glacial acetic acid has a high purity level, typically around 99.5% or more, making it an essential reagent in organic chemistry.

Chemical Properties

The molecular formula of glacial acetic acid is C₂H₄O₂, and it has a molecular weight of 60.05 g/mol. It has a boiling point of 118.1°C and freezes at 16.7°C, which is why it is referred to as glacial—the term reflects its icy appearance when in solid form. In addition to its physical properties, glacial acetic acid is classified as a weak acid with a pKa of around 4.75. This characteristic allows it to act as a buffering agent in various chemical reactions.

Uses in Industry

Glacial acetic acid is widely used in the production of various chemical compounds, including

1. Production of Acetic Anhydride This compound is utilized in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, plastics, and other chemical intermediates.

2. Manufacturing of Synthetic Fibers Glacial acetic acid serves as a solvent in producing cellulose acetate, which is a key material for making synthetic fibers and films.

3. Food Industry It is used as a food preservative and flavoring agent. The diluted form, known as vinegar, contains around 4-8% acetic acid and is commonly used in cooking and food preparation.

4. Laboratory Reagent In research and teaching laboratories, glacial acetic acid is a critical reagent for various analytical procedures, including titrations, synthesis reactions, and as a solvent in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

5. Synthesis of Various Chemicals It plays a vital role in the production of chemicals such as acetate esters, which are used in solvents and coatings, as well as in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and agricultural products.

Safety Considerations

Although glacial acetic acid is a valuable chemical, it poses several health hazards. It is highly corrosive and can cause burns to the skin and eyes upon contact. Inhalation of its vapors can lead to respiratory distress and irritation. Therefore, proper safety measures must be taken when handling glacial acetic acid, including wearing suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and masks. It is also crucial to work in a well-ventilated area or a fume hood to minimize inhalation exposure.

Environmental Impact

When disposed of improperly, glacial acetic acid can pose environmental risks. It can lead to soil and water contamination, which may harm aquatic life and disrupt ecosystems. Thus, it is essential to follow regulatory guidelines for the disposal of such hazardous substances. Industries are encouraged to implement waste minimization techniques and recycling where possible to mitigate environmental impacts.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is a versatile and essential chemical with a wide range of applications in various industries, from manufacturing and food preservation to laboratory research. Understanding its properties, uses, and safety considerations is crucial for professionals working with this compound. By adhering to safety protocols and environmental regulations, the benefits of glacial acetic acid can be harnessed while minimizing risks to human health and the ecosystem.