Safety Data Sheet for Sigma Aldrich Glacial Acetic Acid Handling and Precautions

Glacial Acetic Acid An Overview Based on MSDS from Sigma-Aldrich

Glacial acetic acid, chemically known as ethanoic acid, is a colorless liquid with a pungent smell that is widely used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and chemical manufacturing. It is characterized by its high purity and is commonly referred to as 'glacial' because it solidifies at temperatures below 16.6°C (62°F).

Chemical Properties

Glacial acetic acid has the molecular formula C₂H₄O₂, a molecular weight of 60.05 g/mol, and a density of approximately 1.05 g/cm³. It is a weak acid, with a pKa of about 4.76, meaning that it can partially dissociate in aqueous solutions to release hydrogen ions, displaying acidic properties. This makes it an essential reactant in various chemical reactions, especially in the production of esters and other organic compounds.

Acetic acid is used extensively as a chemical reagent and solvent. In the food industry, it serves as a food preservative (E260) and a flavoring agent. In pharmaceuticals, it is formulated into various medications and utilized in biosynthesis processes. The textile industry uses acetic acid in dyeing processes, while in the manufacturing of plastics, it plays a crucial role in the production of acetate fibers and as a precursor to the synthesis of polymers.

Safety Information

According to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provided by Sigma-Aldrich, glacial acetic acid is classified as a hazardous substance. The key hazards associated with this chemical include its corrosive nature and the ability to cause severe skin burns and eye damage upon contact. The vapors can irritate the respiratory tract, and prolonged inhalation may lead to respiratory distress.

Handling and Storage

When handling glacial acetic acid, it is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats, to minimize exposure risks. The chemical should be stored in a cool, dry place in tightly closed containers, ideally away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers, bases, and reactive metals. Proper ventilation is essential during its use to ensure that vapors do not accumulate in the workspace.

Emergency Measures

In case of exposure, the MSDS provides detailed emergency measures that should be taken. If glacial acetic acid comes into contact with skin or eyes, it is crucial to flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention immediately. If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air and provide artificial respiration if they are not breathing. In the event of a spill, proper cleanup procedures must be followed, and disposal should be conducted in accordance with local regulations pertaining to hazardous waste.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is a vital chemical with a wide array of applications across various industries. However, its hazardous nature necessitates strict adherence to safety protocols and guidelines as detailed in the MSDS from Sigma-Aldrich. Understanding the properties, applications, and safety measures related to glacial acetic acid is essential for anyone working with or handling this chemical to ensure a safe and effective working environment. Emphasizing safety and proper handling can help mitigate risks associated with this valuable chemical in industrial and laboratory settings.