Understanding Glacial Acetic Acid Properties and Its CAS Number Significance

Glacial Acetic Acid Properties, Uses, and Safety Considerations

Glacial acetic acid, with the chemical formula CH₃COOH, is a colorless liquid that is often recognized by its pungent odor. It is a vital organic compound and serves as a key ingredient in various industrial and laboratory applications. Known for its high purity and concentration, glacial acetic acid holds a CAS number of 64-19-7, which uniquely identifies it within chemical databases.

Properties of Glacial Acetic Acid

Glacial acetic acid is characterized by its acidic nature, with a pH level typically around 2.4. It has a boiling point of approximately 118 °C (244 °F) and a melting point of around 16.6 °C (61.88 °F), which gives it the 'glacial' prefix, indicating its solid state at lower temperatures. This compound is miscible with water, forming a solution that retains its acidic properties. Due to its ability to donate a proton, glacial acetic acid is classified as a weak acid.

The physical properties of glacial acetic acid also contribute to its functionality in various applications. It has a density of 1.05 g/cm³, making it heavier than water. As a solvent, it can dissolve a myriad of substances, including many organic compounds, which is instrumental in its diverse uses across different industries.

The applications of glacial acetic acid are extensive. It is primarily used in the production of acetic anhydride and acetate esters, which are essential for manufacturing textiles, plastics, and solvents. In the food industry, diluted acetic acid is commonly employed as a preservative and flavoring agent, known for its role in pickling vegetables and producing vinegar.

In the realm of pharmaceuticals, glacial acetic acid is utilized in the synthesis of various medications and active pharmaceutical ingredients. It serves as a precursor for the production of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and other acetylated compounds. Furthermore, glacial acetic acid is employed in the manufacture of photographic films and as a solvent in the production of dyes.

Laboratories also make use of glacial acetic acid as a reagent for various chemical reactions. Its capacity to act as a proton donor is fundamental in many organic synthesis processes, aiding in the formation of esters, acyl chlorides, and other derivatives. Additionally, it acts as a titrant in acid-base titrations.

Safety Considerations

While glacial acetic acid is valuable, it is essential to recognize its hazardous nature. It is classified as a corrosive substance and can cause severe burns upon contact with skin. Inhalation of its vapors can irritate the respiratory tract and may lead to severe health issues if exposure is prolonged. Thus, handling glacial acetic acid requires proper safety measures, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats.

In storage, glacial acetic acid should be kept in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances like strong oxidizers and bases. Its containers should be clearly labeled, and emergency procedures should be established to handle accidental spills or exposure.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is an essential chemical compound with a multitude of applications across various industries, ranging from manufacturing to food preservation. Its properties and reactivity make it a flexible component in numerous chemical processes. However, utmost care must be exercised when handling this substance due to its potential hazards. Understanding the properties, applications, and safety protocols related to glacial acetic acid ensures not only its effective use but also the safety of individuals working with this versatile chemical.