cas number glacial acetic acid

Glacial Acetic Acid An Overview

Glacial acetic acid, identified by the CAS number 64-19-7, is a colorless liquid organic compound with a distinctive pungent smell. As the main component of vinegar, it plays a crucial role in both culinary and industrial applications. The term glacial refers to its ability to solidify into a crystalline form at low temperatures, specifically at around 16.6 degrees Celsius (62 degrees Fahrenheit). This remarkable property distinguishes it from solutions containing acetic acid, including common household vinegar, which consists of approximately 5-20% acetic acid mixed with water.

Chemical Properties

The chemical formula of acetic acid is C2H4O2, and it is classified as a weak acid. It possesses a carboxyl functional group (-COOH), which gives it acidic characteristics. This weak acidity is fundamental to its interactions in various chemical reactions, leading to the formation of esters, anhydrides, and other derivatives. Glacial acetic acid is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air, which can be an important factor during storage and handling.

Glacial acetic acid is primarily used in the production of various chemicals. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of acetic anhydride, acetate esters, and other acetate-based products. One of the most significant applications is in the manufacturing of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), a key ingredient in the production of paints, adhesives, and coatings. VAM itself is a vital component in producing polyvinyl acetate (PVA), a widely used polymer in various industries.

Another noteworthy application is in the production of fibers and plastics. Cellulose acetate, derived from glacial acetic acid, is utilized in the textile industry to create fabrics, as well as in producing photographic films and coatings. Furthermore, acetic acid is employed in the food industry as a preservative and flavoring agent, enhancing the taste and prolonging the shelf life of various products.

Laboratory Uses

In laboratories, glacial acetic acid is commonly used as a solvent due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and nonpolar compounds. It is also utilized in biochemical applications, such as the preparation of buffers and the extraction of proteins and nucleic acids. Additionally, it plays a pivotal role in organic synthesis, facilitating various reactions such as esterification and hydrolysis.

Safety and Handling

While glacial acetic acid has numerous beneficial applications, it is essential to handle it with care due to its corrosive nature. Direct contact with skin or eyes can result in irritation, chemical burns, or severe injuries. When working with glacial acetic acid, it is crucial to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and lab coats. Proper ventilation is also vital to minimize inhalation exposure to its vapors, which can irritate the respiratory tract.

Spills and leaks should be addressed immediately, and the material should be disposed of following local environmental regulations to prevent contamination. Because it is a flammable substance, it should be kept away from heat sources and open flames.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is a versatile and essential compound in both industrial and laboratory settings. Its unique properties and widespread uses highlight its importance in chemistry, manufacturing, and food preservation. However, due to its corrosive nature, safe handling and storage practices must be adhered to in order to minimize risks to health and the environment. As research and development continue, glacial acetic acid is likely to maintain its relevance in various fields, further expanding its applications and contributions to society.