glacial acetic acid cas number

Glacial Acetic Acid A Comprehensive Overview

Glacial acetic acid, also known by its chemical formula CH₃COOH, is one of the most widely used organic compounds in various industrial and laboratory applications. Its CAS number, 64-19-7, helps in identifying this substance in databases, regulatory policies, and research publications. This article delves into the properties, uses, production methods, and safety considerations associated with glacial acetic acid.

Properties of Glacial Acetic Acid

Glacial acetic acid is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a pungent smell that is often described as vinegar-like, though it is much more concentrated than food-grade vinegar. With a melting point of 16.6 °C (61.88 °F), it is termed glacial due to its tendency to solidify at lower temperatures, forming ice-like crystals. The boiling point of glacial acetic acid is around 118 °C (244.4 °F), making it a volatile compound.

In terms of solubility, glacial acetic acid is highly miscible with water, ethanol, and ether, allowing it to mix easily with various solvents. Its strong acidic properties classify it as a weak acid, with a pKa of approximately 4.76. These properties make it useful in various chemical reactions and processes.

Industrial Uses

Glacial acetic acid plays a crucial role in many industrial applications. One of its primary uses is in the production of acetic anhydride and acetate esters, which are vital intermediates in the synthesis of various chemicals. These esters are used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, solvents, and coatings.

Another significant application of glacial acetic acid is in the textile industry, where it is used as a solvent for dyeing and printing processes. It helps in the fixation of dyes on fabric, improving the quality and vibrancy of the colors. Additionally, glacial acetic acid is employed in the food industry as a preservative and flavoring agent.

In laboratories, glacial acetic acid is often used as a reagent in various chemical reactions, including the synthesis of organic compounds, where it acts as both a solvent and a reactant. It is also a component in the preparation of buffer solutions, aiding in maintaining pH levels in biochemical assays and experiments.

Production Methods

The production of glacial acetic acid typically involves several methods. One of the primary methods is the carbonylation of methanol, which uses carbon monoxide and methanol as raw materials. This process is widely adopted in the industry due to its efficiency and high yield. Another method is the oxidation of hydrocarbons, which involves using natural gas or naphtha as feedstocks.

In small-scale settings, glacial acetic acid can be synthesized using more straightforward techniques like the fermentation of carbohydrates, though this is not commonly employed for large-scale production.

Safety and Handling

While glacial acetic acid has many uses, it is essential to handle it with care due to its corrosive nature. It can cause severe burns to the skin and eyes upon contact, and inhalation of vapors may lead to respiratory irritation. It is classified as a hazardous substance, necessitating the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling.

In terms of storage, glacial acetic acid should be stored in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as glass or certain plastics, away from heat sources and incompatible substances. Proper ventilation is crucial in areas where glacial acetic acid is used to minimize exposure to harmful vapors.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is a versatile and widely used chemical with essential applications in various industries, including manufacturing, textiles, and laboratory research. Its unique properties, production methods, and safety considerations make it a significant substance in both industrial and scientific contexts. Understanding and respecting the handling and usage of glacial acetic acid is vital for ensuring safety and efficiency in its applications. As research continues to expand, the potential uses and innovative applications of glacial acetic acid may evolve, further solidifying its importance in the chemical industry.