Understanding the Properties and Applications of Glacial Acetic Acid and Its CAS Number

Glacial Acetic Acid A Comprehensive Overview

Glacial acetic acid, known scientifically as ethanoic acid, is a vital organic compound represented by the chemical formula CH₃COOH. Its CAS number is 64-19-7, making it identifiable in chemical databases and among researchers and industry professionals. This clear, colorless liquid has a pungent smell and a strong acidic taste, which is characteristic of all carboxylic acids. Glacial acetic acid is notably significant due to its various applications in industrial, laboratory, and household settings.

Properties and Characteristics

Glacial acetic acid has a melting point of approximately 16.6°C, which accounts for its name 'glacial.' Below this temperature, it solidifies into a crystalline form, similar to ice. When in liquid form, it exhibits a high level of ionic dissociation, which makes it a strong acid. The compound has a boiling point of 118.1°C and a density of 1.05 g/cm³. Its miscibility with water is notable; while it can blend with water in all proportions, it may produce heat upon mixing due to its exothermic nature.

When discussing the characteristics of glacial acetic acid, it is essential to mention its ability to act not only as an acid but also as a solvent. This dual functionality allows glacial acetic acid to dissolve numerous polar and ionic compounds, making it invaluable in chemical synthesis.

Industrial Applications

Glacial acetic acid is widely used in the production of various chemical compounds, including acetic anhydride, acetate esters, and polyvinyl acetate, which are crucial for manufacturing adhesives, paints, and films. In the textile industry, it serves as a dyeing agent and a finishing agent due to its ability to adjust the pH of dye baths. Additionally, glacial acetic acid is utilized in the food industry as a food preservative and flavoring agent, commonly found in vinegar.

The pharmaceutical sector also benefits significantly from this compound. It plays a vital role in synthesizing various medicinal products, including aspirin and other pharmaceutical intermediates. Furthermore, glacial acetic acid acts as a reagent in biochemical experiments and analyses in laboratories, facilitating research and development across different scientific disciplines.

Safety and Handling

Despite its many applications, glacial acetic acid poses several health hazards and requires caution. It is corrosive and can cause severe burns upon skin contact. Inhalation of its vapors can lead to respiratory issues, including irritation of the throat and lungs. Therefore, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, should be worn when handling this substance. Proper ventilation in workplaces and laboratories is also essential to minimize exposure risks.

In case of accidental exposure, immediate action is critical. The affected area should be rinsed thoroughly with water, and in the event of inhalation, moving to fresh air is imperative. Medical attention should be sought if any adverse reactions occur.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid, with its CAS number 64-19-7, is a fundamental chemical in various industries and research fields. Its significant role as a solvent, reagent, and intermediate in chemical reactions highlights its importance in everyday applications. However, its corrosive nature calls for strict safety measures to ensure that its benefits can be harnessed without compromising health or safety. As research continues, the versatility of glacial acetic acid is likely to be tapped further, paving the way for innovative applications that could enhance its utility in both conventional and emerging industries. Understanding and respecting its properties will continue to ensure that glacial acetic acid remains a cornerstone of chemical manufacturing and scientific exploration.