glacial acetic acid cas number

Glacial Acetic Acid A Comprehensive Overview

Glacial acetic acid, a colorless and pungent liquid, is a crucial organic compound represented by the chemical formula CH₃COOH. Its CAS number is 64-19-7, which allows for easy identification within chemical registries and databases. This significant chemical plays an essential role in various industrial applications, organic synthesis, and academic research. Understanding its properties, applications, and safety considerations is vital for anyone working with or studying this versatile compound.

Properties of Glacial Acetic Acid

Glacial acetic acid is a weak organic acid that is characterized by its highly concentrated nature, with a density of about 1.05 g/cm³ at 20°C. It has a boiling point of 118.1°C and freezes at around 16.6°C, giving it the name glacial due to its ice-like appearance when solidified. It is miscible with water and can form solutions of varying concentrations. The chemical structure of acetic acid consists of a carboxylic group (-COOH) attached to a methyl group (CH₃-), giving it both acidic and hydrophobic properties.

As a weak acid, glacial acetic acid is a proton donor, capable of forming acetate ions when it reacts with bases. Its pKa value is approximately 4.75, indicating its mildly acidic nature. This characteristic makes it valuable for various chemical reactions and processes in laboratories and industrial settings.

Glacial acetic acid is widely used in the production of synthetic fibers, plastics, and other chemicals. One of its primary applications is in the manufacturing of acetate, which is derived from acetic acid and used to produce materials such as cellulose acetate, often found in photographic films and textile fibers. Additionally, glacial acetic acid is employed in the synthesis of various chemicals, including vinegar, which contains about 4-8% acetic acid, making it a common household item.

In the food industry, glacial acetic acid functions as a preservative and flavoring agent. Its antimicrobial properties help inhibit the growth of certain bacteria and fungi, making it a popular choice for food preservation. The pharmaceutical industry also utilizes glacial acetic acid in the synthesis of numerous medicinal compounds, contributing to the development of important drugs.

Furthermore, glacial acetic acid serves as a solvent for a multitude of chemical reactions, playing a crucial role in laboratories worldwide. Its ability to dissolve various polar and nonpolar compounds makes it an indispensable reagent in organic synthesis.

Safety Considerations

While glacial acetic acid is a useful and versatile compound, it is essential to handle it with care due to its corrosive and irritant properties. Direct contact with skin can cause burns, and inhalation of vapors may lead to respiratory issues. When working with this substance, appropriate safety precautions, including using personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats, are crucial.

Additionally, it is important to work in a well-ventilated area or utilize fume hoods to minimize exposure to vapors. In case of spills or exposure, it is necessary to follow safety protocols, which include rinsing affected areas with plenty of water and seeking medical attention if irritation persists.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid, identified by its CAS number 64-19-7, is a multifaceted compound with significant implications across various industries and scientific research. Its properties make it a valuable resource for production processes, chemical synthesis, and food preservation. However, safe handling practices are essential to mitigate risks associated with its corrosive nature. As research and technology continue to evolve, glacial acetic acid will likely remain a vital substance, contributing to innovations in materials science, pharmaceuticals, and various chemical applications. Whether in the laboratory or industrial setting, understanding this compound is essential for anyone engaged in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering.