glacial acetic acid cas number

Understanding Glacial Acetic Acid Properties, Uses, and Safety

Glacial acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is a colorless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃COOH. It is an essential chemical in various industrial applications and is characterized by its pungent smell and acidic properties. The term glacial refers to its ability to solidify at low temperatures, forming ice-like crystals. The CAS number for glacial acetic acid is 64-19-7, which is a unique identifier used in chemical databases, making it easier to find specific information about the compound.

Properties of Glacial Acetic Acid

Glacial acetic acid has a melting point of about 16.6 °C (62 °F), and at temperatures below this point, it solidifies into a crystalline form resembling ice. At room temperature, it exists as a clear, colorless liquid. Acetic acid is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air, and it is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and ether.

This organic compound exhibits significant acidity, with a pKa of approximately 4.76. This makes it a weak acid but a stronger organic acid compared to many others. Its acidity and stability allow it to participate in various reactions, including esterification, where it reacts with alcohols to form esters.

Glacial acetic acid is widely used in industries and laboratories for numerous applications. One of its primary uses is in the production of acetic anhydride and acetate esters, which are vital intermediates in the manufacture of synthetic fibers, plastics, and solvents. Additionally, it plays a role in food preservation and flavoring as a food-grade acid. As vinegar, a diluted solution of acetic acid, it is a common ingredient in cooking and food preparation.

In laboratories, glacial acetic acid serves as a solvent and reagent in various chemical reactions, including synthesizing organic compounds. Its importance extends to the production of pharmaceuticals, where it is utilized in the formulation of numerous drugs and antibiotics. Furthermore, in the textile industry, it is employed as a dyeing agent and helps in the dye-fixing process.

Safety and Handling

While glacial acetic acid has various beneficial uses, it is essential to understand the safety measures associated with its handling. The compound can be corrosive, causing severe skin burns and eye damage upon contact. Inhaling its vapors may lead to respiratory irritation and other health concerns. Therefore, it is imperative to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection when working with this chemical.

Storage of glacial acetic acid should be in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and bases. It is typically stored in glass or high-density polyethylene containers to prevent reactions that may occur with metals and other materials.

In case of spills, it is crucial to follow proper cleanup procedures, which may involve neutralizing the acid with appropriate agents and ensuring that any waste is disposed of according to local regulations. Emergency procedures, including access to eyewash stations and safety showers, should be readily available in laboratories and industrial settings.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid, with its universal applications and unique properties, plays a vital role in numerous industries, from food production to pharmaceuticals. Understanding its characteristics, uses, and safety protocols ensures its benefits can be harnessed effectively while minimizing associated risks. Whether used in everyday cooking or complex industrial processes, glacial acetic acid remains an essential compound in the landscape of chemistry and manufacturing. As we continue to explore and innovate with this versatile substance, adhering to safety guidelines is paramount to protect ourselves and our environment.