glacial acetic acid sigma aldrich

Overview of Glacial Acetic Acid from Sigma-Aldrich

Glacial acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is a colorless liquid organic compound that holds significant importance in both industrial and laboratory settings. With its sharp, pungent odor, glacial acetic acid is a key ingredient in the production of various chemical substances and serves as a solvent in many applications. Sigma-Aldrich, a leading supplier of research chemicals, offers high-purity glacial acetic acid suitable for diverse uses.

Chemical Properties

The chemical formula for glacial acetic acid is C₂H₄O₂, and its molecular weight is approximately 60.05 g/mol. It is commonly identified by its IUPAC name, acetic acid. Glacial acetic acid is a weak acid, with a pKa value of about 4.76, which makes it a suitable candidate for preparing buffer solutions. Its high purity is particularly important in laboratory settings, as impurities can affect experimental outcomes and the efficacy of chemical reactions.

Due to its high boiling point of 118.1 °C and melting point of 16.6 °C, glacial acetic acid remains liquid at room temperature, which allows for its extensive use in various applications. It is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the atmosphere, which is an important consideration for storage and handling.

Industrial Applications

In the industrial sector, glacial acetic acid serves as a crucial feedstock for the synthesis of a variety of chemical compounds. One of its primary applications is in the production of acetate esters, which are utilized as solvents and plasticizers. These esters are found in numerous products, including paints, adhesives, and textiles.

Moreover, glacial acetic acid is involved in the manufacturing of vinyl acetate monomer, a key ingredient for producing polyvinyl acetate, which is widely used in the formulation of glues and coatings. It also plays a role in the production of acetic anhydride and various other organic compounds.

In the food industry, acetic acid is recognized for its preservative qualities and its ability to enhance flavor profiles. It is used in the production of vinegar, where it is diluted and adds a distinct sourness to food items. Its antimicrobial properties also allow it to inhibit the growth of pathogens, making it a valuable ingredient in food preservation.

Laboratory Uses

In the laboratory, glacial acetic acid is employed as a reagent in a variety of chemical reactions, particularly in organic synthesis. Its role as a solvent facilitates the dissolution of various compounds, making it an essential component in reactions and extractions. Furthermore, glacial acetic acid is often used in titration processes to determine the concentration of basic solutions.

Besides being a reagent, glacial acetic acid is also crucial in the preparation of buffers, which are solutions that resist changes in pH. The acid can be combined with its salt, sodium acetate, to create effective buffer systems for biological and chemical experiments.

Safety and Handling

While glacial acetic acid possesses numerous valuable properties, it is essential to handle it with caution due to its corrosive nature. It can cause severe skin and eye irritation, and inhalation of its vapors may lead to respiratory issues. Therefore, it is imperative to use adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats when working with this compound. Proper ventilation in the workspace is also critical to minimize exposure to harmful vapors.

Storage of glacial acetic acid should be in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances like strong oxidizers or bases. Containers should be tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is an essential compound with wide-ranging applications in industries and laboratories alike. Its use as a precursor for various chemicals, as well as its role in food preservation and laboratory experiments, underscores the importance of this organic acid. Sigma-Aldrich’s offering of high-purity glacial acetic acid ensures that researchers and industry professionals have access to a reliable and effective product for their diverse needs. As science and technology continue to advance, the demand for high-quality chemicals like glacial acetic acid will undoubtedly persist, driving innovation and development across multiple fields.