cas number glacial acetic acid

Understanding Glacial Acetic Acid A Comprehensive Overview

Glacial acetic acid, chemically represented as CH₃COOH, is a colorless liquid that possesses a pungent, vinegar-like odor. It is the pure form of acetic acid, with a concentration of at least 99% and is termed glacial due to its ability to form ice-like crystals at temperatures around 16.6 °C (62 °F). Recognized by its CAS number 64-19-7, glacial acetic acid is an important industrial chemical with a wide range of applications.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Glacial acetic acid is characterized by its high polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds, making it a solvent for both polar and nonpolar compounds. It has a boiling point of approximately 118 °C (244 °F) and a melting point of about 16.6 °C (62 °F). This confers unique handling properties, necessitating careful storage and handling protocols. Notably, it is hygroscopic, readily absorbing moisture from the air, which can dilute its concentration.

When it comes to chemical reactivity, glacial acetic acid serves as a versatile reagent in various chemical reactions, such as esterifications, alkylations, and acid-base neutralizations. Its ability to donate protons (H⁺) makes it a weak acid, yet it is corrosive at higher concentrations, warranting the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during handling.

Glacial acetic acid is predominantly used in the production of various chemical compounds. One of its major commercial uses is in the manufacturing of acetic anhydride and acetate esters, which are key components in the production of solvents, plastics, and synthetic fibers, including rayon and acetate. Moreover, it serves as a precursor for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

In addition to its role in synthetic chemistry, glacial acetic acid is utilized as a food preservative and flavoring agent, albeit in much diluted forms. It is commonly recognized in diluted form as vinegar, a staple in culinary practices worldwide. Its antimicrobial properties make it effective in food preservation, helping to inhibit microbial growth.

Laboratory Uses

In laboratories, glacial acetic acid is frequently employed as a solvent for organic reactions and as a reagent in analytical chemistry. It is an integral part of titrations, particularly in the determination of acidity in various samples. Researchers appreciate its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances, thus enhancing its utility in organic synthesis and characterization.

Safety and Environmental Considerations

Due to its corrosive nature, exposure to glacial acetic acid can pose significant health risks. It can cause skin burns and serious eye damage upon contact. Inhalation of vapors may lead to respiratory distress. Consequently, proper precautions, including the use of fume hoods, gloves, and safety goggles, are critical when working with this chemical.

From an environmental perspective, glacial acetic acid is biodegradable and considered less harmful compared to other organic solvents. However, its disposal should always comply with local regulations to prevent environmental contamination.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid, with its well-defined CAS number 64-19-7, is a vital chemical in both industrial and laboratory settings. Its unique properties, coupled with its versatility in various applications, underscore its significance in the chemical industry. However, the necessary safety precautions must be observed to mitigate risks associated with its corrosive nature. Understanding glacial acetic acid is crucial for anyone involved in chemical manufacturing, research, or any field where this compound plays a role.