Understanding the Properties and Applications of Glacial Acetic Acid CAS Number

Understanding Glacial Acetic Acid CAS Number and Applications

Glacial acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is a colorless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃COOH. Its unique properties and widespread applications make it a key substance in various industries, from food production to chemical manufacturing. The compound is named 'glacial' due to its ability to solidify into ice-like crystals at temperatures slightly below room temperature, specifically at 16.6°C (62°F). This article explores the significance of glacial acetic acid, focusing on its CAS number, properties, uses, and safety considerations.

The CAS Number

The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number is a unique numerical identifier assigned to every chemical substance; it plays a crucial role in the regulation, documentation, and trade of chemicals globally. The CAS number for glacial acetic acid is 64-19-7. This number allows chemists, researchers, and industry professionals to easily reference this specific compound in chemical literature and databases, ensuring clarity and accuracy in communication.

Glacial acetic acid is a polar protic solvent, characterized by its strong hydrogen-bonding capabilities. It has a pungent, vinegar-like odor and a sour taste. As a weak acid, it partially dissociates in water, exhibiting a pKa of about 4.76, which makes it important in biochemical processes. In its pure form, glacial acetic acid has a density of approximately 1.05 g/cm³ and a boiling point of 118°C (243°F). Importantly, it is miscible with water, ethanol, and ether, facilitating its use in various chemical reactions and formulations.

Industrial Applications

Glacial acetic acid is primarily utilized as a chemical reagent and solvent in numerous industries. One of its most significant applications is in the production of acetate esters, which are used in the manufacture of various products, including solvents, plastics, and synthetic fibers. In the textile industry, it serves as a precursor for cellulose acetate, which is used in the production of clothing and filter materials.

Furthermore, glacial acetic acid plays a vital role in the food industry, where it is used as a preservative and flavoring agent. It acts as a condiment and is a key component in vinegar, which is widely used for cooking and food preservation. Additionally, its acidifying properties help regulate the pH levels in food products, enhancing flavor and shelf-life.

In the pharmaceutical industry, glacial acetic acid is important in the production of various pharmaceuticals and as a reagent in biochemical research. Its role as a preservative in biological specimens is also noteworthy, helping to maintain the integrity of samples for future analysis.

Safety Considerations

While glacial acetic acid is widely used, it poses certain hazards that must be managed. It is classified as a corrosive substance and can cause severe irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation. Thus, proper handling and storage are essential to minimize the risk of exposure. It is critical for workers in industries using glacial acetic acid to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and to ensure proper ventilation in working areas.

In conclusion, glacial acetic acid (CAS number 64-19-7) is a versatile and valuable compound with a variety of industrial applications ranging from the production of synthetic materials to its use in food processing. Understanding its properties, uses, and safety measures is essential for anyone involved in its production or application. As industries continue to evolve, glacial acetic acid will likely remain an important compound in our chemical toolbox, fostering innovation and development across multiple sectors.