Understanding the Properties and Uses of Glacial Acetic Acid in Industry and Research

Understanding Glacial Acetic Acid The Essentials of CAS Number 64-19-7

Glacial acetic acid, recognized by its Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 64-19-7, is a vital organic compound with a myriad of applications in various industries. This clear, colorless liquid has a distinctive pungent smell and is the pure form of acetic acid, typically containing 99-100% acetic acid by volume. Understanding its properties and applications provides valuable insight into this powerful chemical.

Chemical Properties

Glacial acetic acid is an organic compound that belongs to the carboxylic acid family, characterized by its carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. With a molecular formula of C₂H₄O₂, it has a molar mass of 60.05 g/mol. The compound has a melting point of 16.6 °C (61.88 °F) and a boiling point of 118.1 °C (244.58 °F). Its ability to form hydrogen bonds allows it to mix well with water, alcohols, and other polar solvents while being insoluble in non-polar solvents.

Industrial Applications

One of the primary uses of glacial acetic acid is in the production of acetic anhydride and acetate esters, which serve as solvents, plasticizers, and chemical intermediates. Acetic anhydride, for instance, is used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and in the manufacture of cellulose acetate, which is an essential component in film production and coatings.

In the food industry, glacial acetic acid is also a common ingredient. It acts as a preservative and is used in the production of vinegar, giving it its characteristic tangy flavor. The compound’s antimicrobial properties help inhibit the growth of bacteria and molds, thus extending the shelf life of various food products.

Furthermore, glacial acetic acid is employed in the textile industry for dyeing processes. It serves as a mordant, facilitating the binding of dye to fabrics and ensuring vibrant colors and improved durability.

Laboratory Use

In a laboratory setting, glacial acetic acid is often utilized as a reagent for synthesizing other chemical compounds. Its versatility makes it valuable in organic synthesis, including reactions like esterification, alkylation, and carbonyl formation.

Additionally, because of its strong acidic nature, glacial acetic acid is widely used for adjusting pH levels in various chemical processes. Researchers also appreciate its role in molecular biology, where it is sometimes used in DNA extraction protocols.

Safety and Handling

Despite its usefulness, glacial acetic acid is a hazardous material that requires careful handling. It is corrosive to skin and eyes, and inhalation of its vapors can cause respiratory irritation. Consequently, working with glacial acetic acid necessitates appropriate safety measures, including the use of gloves, goggles, and fume hoods in laboratory environments.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid, identified by CAS number 64-19-7, is a crucial chemical compound with a wide range of applications in industries from food to textiles and pharmaceuticals. Its properties allow it to act as a solvent, preservative, and reagent, but safety precautions must always be taken seriously when handling this potent substance. As industries and scientists continue to innovate, the significance of glacial acetic acid is likely to endure, making it an essential compound in modern chemistry and industrial practices. Understanding its properties and applications not only highlights its importance but also underscores the need for responsible management in its use.