Safety Data Sheet for Glacial Acetic Acid from Sigma Aldrich

Glacial Acetic Acid A Comprehensive Overview

Glacial acetic acid, chemically known as ethanoic acid, is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is widely used in various industries, notably in chemical synthesis, food processing, and as a laboratory reagent. This article provides a detailed overview of glacial acetic acid, focusing on its properties, safety measures, and applications based on insights from the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provided by Sigma Aldrich.

Chemical Properties

Glacial acetic acid has the chemical formula C2H4O2, with a molecular weight of 60.05 g/mol. It has a melting point of 16.6 °C, at which it becomes a solid, and a boiling point of 118.1 °C. This organic compound is highly soluble in water and several organic solvents, making it a versatile reagent in chemical reactions. Its density is approximately 1.05 g/cm³, and it exhibits strong acidic properties, with a pKa of 4.76.

Usage and Applications

1. Chemical Synthesis Glacial acetic acid is utilized as a key raw material in the production of various chemicals such as acetic anhydride, acetate esters, and acetic acid derivatives. These synthetic compounds find usage in pharmaceuticals, plastics, and solvents.

2. Food Industry In the food sector, glacial acetic acid is commonly used as a food preservative, flavoring agent, and acidity regulator. It is essential in pickling processes and is often encountered in the production of vinegar.

3. Laboratory Applications In laboratories, glacial acetic acid serves as a solvent and reagent in various analytical and synthetic procedures. It is widely used in titrations and organic synthesis, especially in the preparation of esters.

4. Textile Industry In the textile industry, glacial acetic acid is employed in dyeing processes, helping to enhance the quality and intensity of colored fabrics.

While glacial acetic acid has numerous applications, it also poses certain health risks and hazards. Understanding these risks is crucial for ensuring safe handling and use.

- Health Risks Glacial acetic acid can cause severe irritation and burns upon contact with skin or eyes. Inhalation of vapors may lead to respiratory distress, headaches, and throat irritation. Chronic exposure can result in long-term health issues, including respiratory and skin conditions.

- Environmental Hazards This compound is harmful to aquatic life and can lead to adverse environmental effects if released into water bodies. Proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.

- Fire and Explosion Risks Glacial acetic acid is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. It should be stored away from heat sources, open flames, and oxidizing agents.

First Aid Measures

In case of exposure to glacial acetic acid, immediate first aid measures should be implemented

1. Inhalation Move the affected person to an area with fresh air. If respiratory difficulties persist, seek medical attention.

2. Skin Contact Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical advice if irritation or burns persist.

3. Eye Contact Rinse eyes immediately with water for at least 15 minutes while pulling the eyelids apart. Obtain medical treatment as soon as possible.

4. Ingestion Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water and seek medical assistance promptly.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is a valuable chemical with widespread applications across multiple industries. However, it is vital to handle it with care due to its corrosive nature and associated health risks. The Material Safety Data Sheet from Sigma Aldrich serves as an essential resource, providing critical information on handling, safety protocols, and emergency measures. Proper knowledge and adherence to safety guidelines can help mitigate risks and ensure the safe use of glacial acetic acid in both industrial and laboratory settings.