glacial acetic acid sigma aldrich

Glacial Acetic Acid Properties, Applications, and Safety Considerations

Glacial acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is a colorless liquid that serves as one of the most important organic compounds in various industrial applications. With a chemical formula of C2H4O2 and a molecular weight of 60.05 g/mol, glacial acetic acid is characterized by its pungent smell and acidic taste. It is a pure form of acetic acid, containing no water, and is referred to as glacial because it solidifies at temperatures below 16.6 °C (62 °F), forming ice-like crystals.

One of the most significant features of glacial acetic acid is its high purity. It is often used as a reagent in laboratories and industrial processes. Sigma-Aldrich, a leading supplier of chemicals and laboratory products, offers a range of glacial acetic acid products that cater to various research and industrial needs. The high purity and consistent quality of glacial acetic acid from Sigma-Aldrich make it a preferred choice for many scientists and engineers.

Chemical Properties

Glacial acetic acid is a weak acid, capable of donating protons (H+) in solution, and it has a pKa value of about 4.76. Its acidic and polar nature allows it to form hydrogen bonds, making it an effective solvent for many organic and inorganic substances. The compound is miscible with water, ethanol, and ether, which enhances its utility as a solvent in chemical reactions.

The boiling point of glacial acetic acid is approximately 118 °C (245 °F), and it has a density of 1.05 g/cm³. These properties make it suitable for various applications, ranging from food preservation to chemical manufacturing.

Applications

Glacial acetic acid is extensively used in the production of various chemicals and materials. One of its primary applications is in the manufacture of acetic anhydride and acetate esters, which are important intermediates in the production of plastics, paints, and synthetic fibers. It is also used in the production of vinegar, a diluted form of acetic acid that has culinary and preservative uses.

In the pharmaceutical industry, glacial acetic acid functions as a solvent in the synthesis of medicinal compounds. Its role in biochemical processes is crucial, especially in enzymatic reactions where acids play a significant role in catalyzing reactions. Furthermore, glacial acetic acid is used in laboratories for titration experiments and as a reagent in various chemical analyses.

Safety Considerations

While glacial acetic acid is a valuable chemical, it is also important to handle it with care due to its corrosive nature. Contact with skin or eyes can cause severe irritation and burns. Inhalation of vapors can lead to respiratory irritation and discomfort. Therefore, when working with glacial acetic acid, it is essential to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and lab coats.

Emergency procedures should be established in environments where glacial acetic acid is used. In the case of spills, neutralization with sodium bicarbonate may be necessary before cleanup. Proper storage is also crucial; glacial acetic acid should be stored in labeled containers in cool, well-ventilated areas to prevent hazards associated with spills, leaks, or exposure.

Conclusion

In conclusion, glacial acetic acid is a versatile and important chemical compound with myriad applications in industrial and laboratory settings. Its unique properties make it a significant substance in chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and food production. However, due to its corrosive nature, it is vital to adhere to safety protocols while handling it. With suppliers like Sigma-Aldrich ensuring a high quality of glacial acetic acid, businesses and researchers can rely on this essential compound for their various needs.