why acetic acid is called glacial acetic acid_

The boiling point of glacial acetic acid is approximately 118.1 degrees Celsius (244.6 degrees Fahrenheit) at standard atmospheric pressure. This relatively high boiling point is attributed to the intermolecular forces present in the substance. In glacial acetic acid, strong hydrogen bonding occurs between molecules due to the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) in its structure. This interaction necessitates more energy, in the form of heat, to break these bonds and transition the liquid into a gaseous state.

In conclusion, the name glacial acetic acid captures both the physical characteristics and the high purity of pure acetic acid. This term is not just an academic label; it reflects the substance’s ability to freeze like ice and differentiates it from less concentrated forms of acetic acid, such as vinegar. The critical role that glacial acetic acid plays in industrial and laboratory settings—alongside its hazards—illustrates the dual nature of many chemical substances. Proper understanding and respect for its properties are essential for harnessing its benefits safely and effectively.