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Glacial acetic acid is a pure, concentrated form of acetic acid, with the chemical formula C₂H₄O₂ or alternatively expressed as CH₃COOH. While acetic acid can exist in a diluted form, which is commonly found in vinegar (typically containing 4-8% acetic acid), glacial acetic acid refers to the anhydrous form where it exists mostly in its liquid state at room temperature and has a concentration of about 99-100%. The term “glacial” arises from its ability to form ice-like crystals at temperatures close to 16.6 degrees Celsius (62 degrees Fahrenheit), giving it a viscous and syrupy appearance.

\[ \text{CH₃COOH (aq)} \rightleftharpoons \text{CH₃COO⁻ (aq)} + \text{H⁺ (aq)} \]

1% glacial acetic acid is widely used in laboratories as a reagent in various chemical reactions, particularly in titrations due to its reliable acidity. It serves as a solvent, aiding in the dissolution of other substances. In molecular biology, it is often employed in processes like DNA extraction where the pH must be controlled, ensuring the integrity of the biomolecules involved.

what is the difference between glacial acetic acid and vinegar

Physical and Chemical Properties