glacial acetic acid cas number

Understanding Glacial Acetic Acid Properties, Uses, and Safety Measures

Glacial acetic acid, commonly referred to as acetic acid in its pure, undiluted form, has the chemical formula CH₃COOH and is identified by the CAS number 64-19-7. This organic compound is a colorless, pungent liquid that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties and versatility.

Properties of Glacial Acetic Acid

Glacial acetic acid is characterized by its high boiling point of about 118 °C (244 °F) and a melting point of 16.6 °C (61.9 °F). At temperatures below its melting point, it solidifies into ice-like crystals, which is why it is termed 'glacial.' This compound is hydrophilic, meaning it can mix with water in all proportions. Its distinct sour vinegar-like odor makes it easily recognizable.

The acidity of glacial acetic acid is notable, with a pKa of approximately 4.76, making it a relatively strong acid. Its capacity to donate protons enables it to react with various bases, resulting in salts known as acetates. As a polar protic solvent, glacial acetic acid can dissolve many organic compounds, making it useful in chemical syntheses.

Uses of Glacial Acetic Acid

Glacial acetic acid is utilized in numerous applications across different sectors

1. Chemical Manufacturing One of the most significant uses of glacial acetic acid is in the production of acetic anhydride, which is essential in the synthesis of various chemical compounds, including pharmaceuticals and plastics. It is also used to produce acetate esters, which are crucial solvents and intermediates in the production of synthetic fibers.

2. Food Industry In the food sector, glacial acetic acid is a key ingredient in food preservation and flavoring. It is commonly used as a food additive (E260) and can act as a preservative and acidity regulator in products like pickles and sauces.

3. Textile Industry Glacial acetic acid is widely used in the textile industry for dyeing and finishing processes. It helps in the fixation of dyes on fabrics, thereby enhancing color quality and durability.

4. Pharmaceuticals The pharmaceutical industry employs glacial acetic acid in various formulations, such as in the preparation of medicines and as a solvent in the production of drugs.

5. Laboratory Applications In laboratory settings, glacial acetic acid is often used as a reagent and solvent in various chemical reactions, particularly in organic chemistry.

Safety Measures

While glacial acetic acid is essential in many processes, it is crucial to handle it with care due to its corrosive nature. Direct contact can lead to skin and eye irritation or burns. Inhaling vapors can also cause respiratory issues. Therefore, safety precautions should be employed when working with this compound

- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Always wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, goggles, and lab coats, when handling glacial acetic acid to minimize exposure.

- Ventilation Ensure that workspaces are well-ventilated to disperse any vapors. Fume hoods are recommended in laboratory settings.

- Storage Store glacial acetic acid in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible materials like strong oxidizers, to prevent hazardous reactions.

- Emergency Procedures Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures, such as knowing the locations of safety showers, eyewash stations, and first aid kits in case of accidental exposure.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is a fundamental compound with a wide range of applications across various industries, from chemical manufacturing to food preservation. Its unique properties make it an indispensable tool for chemists and manufacturers alike. However, due to its corrosive nature, careful handling and adherence to safety protocols are essential. Understanding both the benefits and hazards of glacial acetic acid allows industries to utilize it effectively while ensuring the safety of individuals involved in its handling and application.