Glacial Acetic Acid Products Available from Sigma Aldrich for Laboratory Use

Glacial Acetic Acid An Overview from Sigma-Aldrich

Glacial acetic acid, with the chemical formula CH₃COOH, is a colorless liquid organic compound commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Sigma-Aldrich, a leading global supplier of chemicals and laboratory products, provides high-quality glacial acetic acid that meets rigorous standards for researchers and manufacturers alike.

What is Glacial Acetic Acid?

Glacial acetic acid is a highly concentrated form of acetic acid, containing approximately 99-100% acetic acid by volume. Unlike dilute acetic acid, which is often referred to as vinegar (about 5-20% acetic acid), glacial acetic acid exhibits unique properties due to its high purity. It has a distinct pungent odor and is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs water from the environment. When acetic acid is in its glacial state, it freezes at approximately 16.6 degrees Celsius (61.88 degrees Fahrenheit), forming crystalline ice-like structures.

Properties and Characteristics

Glacial acetic acid is characterized by its strong acidity and acts as a weak acid in aqueous environments. It has a pKa value of about 4.76, allowing it to donate protons in chemical reactions. Its high polarity makes it an excellent solvent for a wide range of organic compounds. Some vital physical properties of glacial acetic acid include

- Molecular Weight 60.05 g/mol - Boiling Point 118.1 °C (244.6 °F) - Density 1.05 g/cm³ - Solubility Miscible in water, alcohol, and ether

Applications in Industries

Glacial acetic acid's unique properties make it invaluable in various sectors, including

1. Chemical Synthesis It serves as a crucial reagent in the production of various chemicals, such as acetic anhydride, acetate esters, and synthetic textiles like rayon. Its reactivity plays a significant role in the synthesis of important organic compounds.

2. Food Industry While glacial acetic acid itself is not typically used directly in food preparation, its derivatives, such as sodium acetate and vinegar (which is a diluted form), are widely used as food preservatives, flavoring agents, and as an acidulant in various food products.

3. Pharmaceuticals In the pharmaceutical industry, glacial acetic acid is employed in the synthesis of acetylated compounds, and its acidic properties are utilized to prepare various drugs. It plays a role in the formulation of medicines and vaccines.

4. Laboratories In laboratory settings, Sigma-Aldrich offers glacial acetic acid for use as a solvent in analytical chemistry, spectroscopy, and chromatography. It is also an essential reagent for biochemical and molecular biology applications.

Safety and Handling

While glacial acetic acid is a fundamental compound in numerous applications, it is essential to handle it with care. It is classified as a corrosive substance, which can cause burns upon contact with skin or eyes. Prolonged exposure can lead to respiratory issues and irritation to mucous membranes. Therefore, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and lab coats, should be worn when handling this chemical.

Proper storage is also crucial. Glacial acetic acid should be stored in a cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption and ensure stability. It should be kept away from strong bases, oxidizers, and reducing agents to avoid dangerous chemical reactions.

Conclusion

Glacial acetic acid is a versatile and essential substance in chemistry, chemical manufacturing, and various industrial applications. Sigma-Aldrich’s commitment to providing high-quality glacial acetic acid ensures that researchers and manufacturers have access to reliable products for their needs. Understanding the properties, applications, and safety measures associated with glacial acetic acid is vital for effective use in both laboratory and industrial environments. Through responsible handling and application, glacial acetic acid continues to play a central role in the advancement of science and technology.